Information
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The application of vacuum technology in the aerospace field.
Release time:
2021-01-12 13:00
The main link between vacuum technology and aerospace technology comes from the simulation of the space environment, as various space vehicles such as launch vehicles, artificial satellites, manned spacecraft, space stations, cosmic probes, and space shuttles operate in the natural vacuum of the universe during their flight in space.
Therefore, in addition to being directly affected by the vacuum environment of space, they are also influenced by solar radiation, various charged particles, and temperature. These factors can cause changes or damage to material properties; instrument sensitivity failures, which can disrupt the operation of these vehicles and even lead to casualties among astronauts.
To this end, it is essential to establish experimental devices that simulate the space environment on the ground. Only through ground simulation experiments before various vehicles go into space can we understand the conditions and characteristics of spacecraft operating in space, eliminate various hidden dangers during flight, and ensure the safety of the vehicles and astronauts. To meet these requirements, various simulation devices have been established on the ground.
The specific simulation applications mainly include the following aspects:
01.
Rocket Engines
Mainly includes: rocket engine ignition in space; restart, thermal balance engine thrust measurement, full-size combustion; plume effect of fuel properties in vacuum; solar spectrum simulation; vehicle vibration. Its vacuum level is approximately between 10-1～10-8Pa.
02.
Astronaut Training Sealed Cabin
The application of vacuum technology in training sealed cabins mainly involves: adaptability to the space environment (weightlessness, physiological changes, living patterns, etc.); ability to handle flight accidents; performance of spacesuits; cosmic medical research. Its application vacuum level is between 100～1Pa.
03.
Particle Thrusters
Mainly involves simulation experiments of ion thruster lifespan and performance, with an application vacuum level between 10¯⁴～10¯⁵Pa.
04.
Materials and Components
Mainly includes simulation testing of temperature control materials, solar cells, spacecraft thermal insulation materials, high-temperature resistant materials, lubricating materials, optical spots, and anti-rotation bearings. The application vacuum level is at 10¯¹～10.6Pa.
05.
Thermal Vacuum Experiments
Mainly simulates the components and overall performance of sanitary spacecraft, with an application vacuum level between 10¯⁴～10¯⁵Pa.
06.
Satellite Surface Charging Simulation
To prevent uneven phenomena on the surface of satellites and vehicles that affect normal operation, as well as to study the charging, discharging, and protection of materials, satellite surface charging simulation experiments are required. Its application vacuum level is between 10¯³～10¯⁵Pa.
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